Geocentric Science

Volcanic eruptions are extremely common along plate boundaries. However, since New York is not located along a plate boundary, we tend to only hear about the large and destructive eruptions. In April 2010, Iceland’s Eyjafjallajokull volcano erupted explosively and spewed out huge amounts of lava, rock, ash, and harmful gases into the atmosphere.

1. What are some of the gases that are released into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption?

   Answer: The main gases that are released during an eruption include water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.

2. What are some of the effects of the volcanic gases?

   Answer:

   A. Water vapor and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases and they contribute to global warming.

   B. Sulfur dioxide remains in the atmosphere and is eventually converted to sulfuric acid. If the tiny droplets of sulfur dioxide reach the stratosphere, they can reflect some of the sun’s radiation, and can cool Earth for approximately 1-4 years (depending on the amount and how widespread). Acid rain results when the sulfur dioxide is washed from the atmosphere, Sulfur dioxide can accelerate ozone destruction, and when it combines with sunlight, dust, and oxygen, it will result in smog (or vog - volcanic smog).

   Sulfur dioxide can also cause health problems. Such health problems include irritation to the skin, eyes, and nose, can affect respiration.

3. What are other problems associated with volcanic eruptions?

   Answer: Depending on the size of the volcanic eruption, people living near the volcano can be forced to evacuate their home either temporarily or permanently. Lahars, tephra, flooding, and pyroclastic flows can destroy crops, plants, electrical grids, towns and cities.

Watch the video to learn more about the environmental impacts and hazards of volcanic eruptions.